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[157] This view of sacrifice was first enunciated by Professor Robertson Smith in the article on Sacrifice in the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, and _The Religion of the Semites_.
[158] _History of Human Marriage_, p. 324.
[159] Many instances are also given by Mr. Hartland in _Primitive Paternity_.
[160] _Native Tribes of South-East Australia_, p. 481.
[161] _Primitive Marriage_, p. 135, footnote.
[162] _Totemism and Exogamy_, ii. p. 473, iii. pp. 34, 76, 101, 225, 272, 308, 360. The Australians have secret Churinga names, the Churingas apparently representing the spirits of ancestors which have returned to the totem. (Spencer and Gillan, _ibidem_, Appendix A.)
[163] _Kins.h.i.+p and Marriage in Early Arabia_, pp. 198, 200.
[164] _Native Tribes of Central Australia_, p. 70; _Natives of Australia,_ Mr. N.W. Thomas, p. 75.
[165] _Totemism and Exogamy_, iii. pp. 93, 120, 122, 124, 226, ii. p. 6.
[166] _Totemism and Exogamy_, vol. iv.
[167] See article Lakhera for further discussion of the marking with vermilion and its subst.i.tutes.
[168] _La Cite Antique_, Paris, Librairie Hachette, 21st ed. p. 4.
[169] _La Cite Antique_, p. 45.
[170] This word seems to mean elder sister, and is applied by the girls to their s.e.x-totem, the emu-wren.
[171] _Native Tribes of S.-E. Australia,_ p. 149.
[172] _History of Human Marriage_, pp. 418-420.
[173] _The People of India_ (Thacker & Co.), pp. 171, 173.
[174] _Tribes and Castes of the N.-W.P. and Oudh_, art. Nunia.
[175] _Religion and Customs of the Oraons, Memoirs_, As. Socy. of Bengal, vol. i. No. 9.
[176] Mr. S.C. Roy, _The Oraons_, p. 247.
[177] See article on Rajput, para. 9.
[178] Professor W. E. Hearn's _Aryan Household_ (London, Longmans, Green & Co.), p. 160.
[179] At first the whole _gens_ were the heirs, _Ancient Law_, p. 221. The group of agnatic kinsmen are mentioned in _Early Law and Custom_, pp. 238, 239, but not directly as heirs.
[180] _Aryan Household_, p. 28, quoting Becker's _Charicles_, p. 394.
[181] _Aryan Household_, p. 160, quoting Plutarch, _Quaestiones Romanae_, c. 6.
[182] _La Cite Antique_, 21st ed. Paris, Hachette et Cie.
[183] _Aryan Household_, p. 215.
[184] _La Cite Antique_, p. 299.
[185] _La Cite Antique_, p. 304.
[186] _Ibidem_, pp. 128, 129.
[187] _Ibidem_, p. 318.
[188] _Ibidem_, p. 129.
[189] _Ibidem_, p. 273.
[190] _Ibidem_, p. 129.
[191] _Ibidem_, p. 320.
[192] _La Cite Antique_, p. 279.
[193] _Ibidem_, pp. 281, 282.
[194] _Ibidem_, p. 281.
[195] _Ibidem_, p. 320.
[196] _La Cite Antique_, p. 179.
[197] _Ibidem_.
[198] _Ibidem_.
[199] _Ibidem_, p. 181.
[200] _La Cite Antique_, p. 113.
[201] _Ibidem_, pp. 186-188.
[202] _La Cite Antique_, _ibidem_.
[203] Pp. 151, 154.
[204] The above account of the festival and pilgrimage is taken from the Rev. T.P. Hughes' _Dictionary of Islam_, articles Idu-l-Azha and Hajj.
[205] _La Cite Antique_, p. 134.
[206] _Ibidem_, p. 127.
