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(d) When does the Government intend to effect this program?
(e) Does the Government intend during the present session or later to introduce the reforms necessary to the democratization of the const.i.tution, democratization of the legislative powers and democratization of the administration of the German Empire and the states which compose the Empire? Particularly will the Government reform the franchise laws governing the legislative and administrative bodies and democratization of the const.i.tution of the army?
MINISTER DIRECTOR LEWALD: The Imperial Chancellor refuses to answer this question also.
DR. K. LIEBKNECHT: A supplementary question. (Great commotion.) What is the stand of the Government on the Prussian Franchise Reform? (Great merriment at the right side of the House.) This is a question which is of importance to the entire German people. That is the way Government and Reichstag treat with the life and death problems of the German people. The people will know now where they stand! (Continued commotion.)
PRESIDENT DR. KAEMPF: This is not a supplementary question, but a new question. With that we are finished with the short questions.
Reichstag meeting January 11, 1916, 2 P. M. At the table of the Federal Council are present: Ministers Helfferich and Delbruck.
The first order of business: _Questions_ by Member DR. K.
LIEBKNECHT.
DR. K. LIEBKNECHT reads his first question:
"Is it known to the Imperial Chancellor that during the present war in the United Turkish Empire the Armenian people were driven from their homes and slaughtered by the hundred thousands? What negotiations has the Imperial Chancellor undertaken with the United Turkish Government in order to bring about the necessary punishment, to alleviate the situation of the rest of the Armenian population in Turkey and to make the repet.i.tion of such horrors impossible?
To answer this question the floor is given to:
PRIVY COUNCIL FRHR. V. STUMM: It is known to the Imperial Chancellor that inflammatory demonstrations took place in Armenia on account of which the Turkish Government was forced to deport the Armenian population of certain districts and to a.s.sign them new living places.
About the reaction on the population taking place on account of these measures an exchange of ideas between us and the Turkish Government is now occurring. More details cannot be communicated.
DR. K. LIEBKNECHT: A supplementary question. Is it known to the Imperial Chancellor that Professor Lepsius spoke of an absolute extermination of the Armenians and that for these horrors the Christian population of Turkey considers the German Government responsible?
At this point great uproar broke out in the House and made it impossible for Dr. Liebknecht to finish his questions.
Shouts from the House: This is a new question! Finis.h.!.+
PRESIDENT DR. KAEMPF: This is a new question for which I cannot give the floor.
DR. K. LIEBKNECHT: Mr. President, before you have heard the whole question, you are not in a position to judge (laughter in the House) if it is a new question or not. At any rate I wish to a.s.sert that the President reached this conclusion that it is a new question not from his own impulses (shouts in the House: _Oho!_) but because from parts of the House it was called to his attention.
PRESIDENT DR. KAEMPF: I ask you not to criticize the way I preside (applause). We come now to the following question:
DR. K. LIEBKNECHT: Will the Government be ready very soon to place before the Reichstag for action data concerning the situation of the population in the territory occupied by Germany? Further data concerning the measures taken for the people in the occupied territory, concerning the means of living, (food, clothing, shelter), concerning their health condition, their rights, their numbers? Then data concerning the kind and reason of the punishments decreed and reprisal measures taken against the people in this territory by the German authorities, the number of people executed, military requisitions of property and methods followed in such operations? And the extent of the contributions levied upon them, especially on the Belgian people?"
To answer these questions the floor is given to:
MINISTER DIRECTOR LEWALD: The Imperial Chancellor declines to put before the Reichstag the material desired by Dr. Liebknecht. But he will give information about the activities of the civil authorities in the occupied territory on the request of the committee of the Reichstag.
DR. K. LIEBKNECHT: A supplementary question. How many places and buildings were destroyed by the German authorities since the beginning of the war for the purpose of reprisal--how many persons were arrested and killed for the same purpose?
PRESIDENT DR. KAEMPF: This is a new question. It is ruled out of order.
DR. K. LIEBKNECHT reads the _third question_: Is the Government ready to lay before the Reichstag without delay material concerning
(a) Measures taken by the German military and civic authorities on the basis of the _state of martial law_ for the suppression of the right of a.s.semblage and of personal liberty (prohibiting meetings, dissolving societies, interference in private correspondence, arrests, searching of homes, etc.), particularly the number of those put in military and police (_cachot_) arrest without trial, during the war? Also the reason for and length of these arrests?
(b) The number, extent and causes of punishments inflicted during the war upon members of the army and also the number of convicts in the military prisons since the beginning of the war?
MINISTER DIRECTOR LEWALD: The Imperial Chancellor declines to put before the Reichstag the material asked by Dr. Liebknecht. (Dr. Liebknecht shouts: That also is very characteristic.)
PRESIDENT DR. KAEMPF: This word of Dr. Liebknecht is ruled out of order as not permissible.
DR. K. LIEBKNECHT: A supplementary question. Does the Imperial Chancellor know that in Germany the Military Authorities and Police Authorities have established nearly everywhere dark chambers (laughter), in which places the correspondence of people who are politically disagreeable, among whom are Deputies of the Reichstag or a.s.sembly, is opened secretly?... (Great uproar. The bell of the President!)
DR. K. LIEBKNECHT: I wish to protest against this autocratic suppression of the order of business by the President and Reichstag.
This finishes Liebknecht's questions.
LIEBKNECHT EXPELLED FROM THE SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC PARTY
On January 13, 1916, by a vote of sixty to twenty-five, the Socialist Central Committee expelled Dr. Karl Liebknecht from members.h.i.+p in the Socialist Party for continuous "gross infractions of party discipline."
The majority Social-Democrats took that measure against Liebknecht for having greatly embarra.s.sed the Government with his questions two days before in the Reichstag.
REICHSTAG DISCUSSION ABOUT THE CENSORs.h.i.+P
_January 19, 1916_
LIEBKNECHT was unable to obtain the floor at the general discussion. In a personal remark after the discussion was closed he made the following characteristic remarks:
"Repeatedly members of this House told me that I work in the service of the enemy, that I am a traitor. ("Very true," from the left side of the House.) I wish to answer this by saying that I prefer being insulted by you as a traitor or anything else, to being praised for speaking according to your taste, as some members of the Social-Democratic group of this House have done lately (merriment). Gentlemen, by your att.i.tude you show me that you wish to suppress truth and right."
JUSTICE IN GERMANY IN WAR TIME
Twentieth Meeting of the a.s.sembly, Friday, March 3, 1916, 11 o'clock morning session.
On the Ministerial Bench: Freiherr v. Schorlemer, v. Loebell and Beseler.
The order of the day: Continuation of the discussion on second reading of the budget of the Department of Justice.
Taking part in the discussion: a.s.semblymen: Delbruck (Conservative), Reinhard (Centrum), Minister of Justice Beseler, a.s.semblymen Liepmann (National Liberal), Kanzow (Progressive Peoples Party), Nissen (Dane), v. Trampczynski (Pole) and Dr. K. Liebknecht.
