The Teaching and Cultivation of the French Language in England Part 26

[452] Cp. Rashdall, _Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages_, ii. p.

603.

[453] Article on Lily in _Dict. Nat. Biog._, and Watson, _Grammar Schools_, pp. 243 _sqq._

[454] Cp. W. Lilly's _History of His Life_, "Autobiographies," I., London, 1828, pp. 12, 13; _The Autobiography of Adam Martindale_, Chetham Soc., 1845, pp. 14, 15, and similar diaries and memoirs.

[455] Published at Brabant, 1538; cp. F. Watson, _Tudor Schoolboy Life_, 1908.

[456] By Leonard Culman.

[457] Less widely used were the _Dialogues_ of John Posselius, a German philosopher. They treat of the school and the study of the cla.s.sical tongues. They were printed in London in Latin and English in 1625, as _Dialogues conteyning all the most familiar and usefull words of the Latin Tongue_.

[458] Which took the form of translating: "For all your constructions in Grammar Scholes be nothing els but translations," Ascham, _The Scholemaster_ (1570), ed. Arber, 1869, p. 92.

[459] C. Hoole, _An advertis.e.m.e.nt touching ... school books_, 1659.

[460] _Inst.i.tution of a young n.o.bleman_, 1607, p. 78.

[461] Quoted by F. Watson, _Grammar Schools_, p. 246.

[462] _The Boke named the Governour_, ed. Crofts, 1883, i. p. 33.

[463] _The Scholemaster_ (1570), ed. Arber, London, 1869, p. 28.

[464] Elyot, _op. cit._ i. p. 54.

[465] Ascham, _op. cit._ p. 92.

[466] F. Watson, _Grammar Schools_, p. 264. "Much writing breedeth ready speaking," was one of his precepts.

[467] Ascham himself got his ideas mainly from Cicero (_De Oratore_).

[468] _The Scholemaster, ed. cit._ p. 26. Ascham also suggests the use of a third paper book, in which a collection of the different forms of speech and phrases should be made from the material read.

[469] 1574?-1637, the second of the five sons of Edmund Lisle of Tanbridge in Surrey, _Dict. Nat. Biog._, ad nom.

[470] This is the t.i.tle of the 1625 edition, printed by John Hoviland.

That of 1596 was printed by L. Bollifant for R. Wilkins, and ent.i.tled _Babilon a part of Du Bartas his second Weeke_ (Pyne, _List of Books_, 1874-8, i. p. 132); cp. _Stationers' Register_, iii. 98 (_A Booke called the Colonyes of Bartas with the commentarye of S. G. S. englished and enlarged by Wm. L'Isle_, 1597).

[471] This is a copy bound separately from the rest of the 1605 edition of Sylvester's _Divine Weekes_, with which it was issued.

[472] S. Lee, in _Dict. Nat. Biog._

[473] A long list may be compiled from the _Registers of the Stationers'

Company_. J. Wolfe and R. Field, both printers of French grammars, received many licences to print books in French and English. See also Upham, _French Influence in English Literature_, New York, 1908 (Appendix I., pp. 471-505). Many of these works are on religious topics; others belong to no particular category, in the style of Bellot's _Jardin de Vertu_; many on topical subjects, such as news-letters and pamphlets on the French wars, were printed in French more to appeal to a larger public than to give instruction in the language.

[474] _An advertis.e.m.e.nt touching ... school books_, 1659.

[475] _Autobiography_, ed. S. Lee, 2nd ed., 1906, p. 23.

[476] Hazlitt, _Bibliog. Collections_, iv. 111. In 1584 Newbury and Denham received licence to print "the Dictionary in French and English, in 4to, and all other dictionaries French and English in quarto,"

_Stationers' Register_, ii. 438.

[477] "Knowing then of no other dictionary to help us, but Sir Thomas Eliot's _Librarie_, which was come out a little before."

[478] On Holyband's debts to these works see Miss E. Farrer's _La Vie et les oeuvres de Claude de Sainliens_, pp. 70 _sqq._

[479] F. Watson, _Grammar Schools_, p. 458.

[480] _Dict. Nat. Biog._, ad nom.

[481] _Abcedarium Anglico-Latinum_, London, 1552.

[482] Folio, printed by Thomas Marshe.

[483] Farrer, _op. cit._ p. 72.

[484] First appeared at Leyden in 1567. Higgins' edition was printed for Ralph Newberie and Henrie Denham, 8vo.

[485] _A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues._ London, printed by A. Islip, 1611, folio.

[486] Cp. _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1901, v. p. 243.

[487] _Stationers' Register_, iii. 432.

[488] Farrer, _op. cit._ p. 86.

[489] Himself a good linguist, who translated some of James I.'s compositions into French, and was for many years in the service of the English Foreign Office; cp. S. Lee, _Beginnings of French Translations from the English_. Transactions of the Bibliog. Soc. vii., 1908.

[490] In an autograph letter; cp. _Dict. Nat. Biog._, ad nom.

[491] _Rolls of expenses of Prince Henry_, "Revels at Court," ed. P.

Cunningham, New Shakespeare Soc., 1842 (Preface).

[492] Harl. MSS. 7002, quoted _Dict. Nat. Biog._ At the end of one of the Brit. Mus. copies is the MS. inscription: "Mr. James Winwood, his book and sent him out of England by John More the 18th May [1611]."

Evidently Cotgrave's work made its way rapidly into France.

[493] Printed by Adam Islip, 4to.

[494] _A French English Dictionary, compil'd by Mr. Randle Cotgrave, with another in English and French. Whereunto are newly added the Animadversions and Supplements etc. of James Howell, Esquire._ London, printed by W. H. for Rd. Whitaker ... 4to. Sherwood's dictionary was printed by Susan Islip.

[495] Ninth ed., 1726, pp. 470 _sqq._

[496] _A French and English Dictionary composed by Mr. Randle Cotgrave, with another in English and French. Whereunto are added sundry animadversions with supplements of many hundreds of words never before printed; with accurate castigations throughout the whole work, and distinctions of the obsolete words from those that are now in use.

Together with a dialogue consisting of all gallicisms, with additions of the most useful and significant proverbs, with other refinements according to cardinall Richelieu's late Academy. For the furtherance of the young learners, and the advantage of all others that endeavour to arrive to the most exact knowledge of the French this work is exposed to publick...._ Printed by Wm. Hunt in Pye Corner.

[497] t.i.tle same as in 1660. "Printed for Anthony Dolle, and are to be sold by Th. Williams at the Golden Ball in Hosier Lane."

[498] Many important literary productions in different languages came into England through the medium of a French version--for instance, Plutarch, _Amadis_, the _Politics_ of Aristotle. Cp. Upham, _French Influence in English Literature_, p. 13. The influence of Senecan tragedy reached England through the intermediary of the "French Seneca,"