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Avelignese. Italian Alps region. Small saddle, pack, & light draft horse. Old breed.
Lipizzan. Vienna. Warhorse, saddle horse. 16th century, established in 1580 by Archduke Charles II.
Noric. Also known as Noriker or Norisches Kaltbult (German), Pinzgauer-see below.
Noriker. Four main bloodlines: South German Coldblood (also called the Bavarian), the Steier, the Tiroler and the Karntner. Draft horse. Ancient breed.
Balkans:
Albanian Mountain. Small saddle horse, warhorse & pack horse. Ancient breed with a 14th century infusion of Arab blood.
Albanian Myzeqea. Pony sized saddle & pack horse. Ancient breed with a 14th century infusion of Arab blood.
Danube. Light saddle and draft horse from Bulgaria. Modern (19th century).
Belgium:
Ardennais, aka Cheval de Trait Ardennais or Ardennais (French), Belgian Ardennes. Heavy draft horse. Ancient breed, much altered in the early 19th century and again in the early to mid 20th century.
Belgian Draft Horse, aka Brabant. Draft horse. Ancient breed that may have been used as a warhorse by the Romans before being bred up in size for draft.
Flemish. Draft horse and possibly warhorse, considered the rootstock for the Belgians. Ancient breed, much altered in the early 19th century and again in the early to mid 20th century. It is rare today.
Bulgaria:
Danube, aka Dunavska, Danubian, Dunav. Saddle & light draft. Modern (20th century).
Czech Republic:
Kladruber, aka Kladruby. Carriage horse, possibly a warhorse. 15th & 16th century roots with Spanish and Italian ancestors, especially the Alpine western horse. Rudolf II, the son of Maximilian II, established the Bohemian court stud farm in the year 1579 at Kladruby by the river Elbe.
Denmark:
Frederiksborg. Saddle, carriage, and cavalry horse. Stud farm founded in 1560s by King Frederick II with Spanish and Neapolitan stock with large infusions of Thoroughbreds in the 19th century.
Jutland. Draft horse, possibly a warhorse. Old breed, updated in the 19th & 20th centuries.
Knabstrup. Saddle and carriage horse. Old breed.
Estonia:
Toric, aka Tori. Light draft, saddle, carriage horse. Modern (19th century).
Estonian Native, aka Mestnaya estonskaya, Estonskaya loshad, Estonian Klepper, Estonian Pony. Saddle & light draft horse. Ancient breed.
Finland:
Finnish Horse. Saddle horse. Modern (19th century?).
Finnish Draft. Draft horse. Modern (19th & 20th centuries).
France:
Ardennes, aka Cheval de Trait Ardennais or Ardennais (French), Belgian Ardennes. Draft horse. Ancient breed.
Auxois. Draft horse. Old breed updated in the 19th century.
Breton. Draft horse. Ancient breed with three distinct branches-Heavy Draft Breton, the Postier Breton and the Corlay or Central Mountain Breton.
Corlay or Central Mountain Breton. Draft horse, crossed heavily with Arab and Thoroughbred in the 18th, 19th & 20th centuries.
Postier Breton. Coach horse crossed with English Norfolk Trotter and Hackney in the 19th century.
Heavy Draft Breton. Draft horse crossed with Ardennes and Percheron stock in the 19th & 20th centuries.
Boulonnais. Draft horse. An ancient breed (1st-2nd century A.D.) which may have been lightened up for use as a jousting horse. There are two distinct branches. The "fish cart" Boulonnais was a light draft horse with good endurance developed in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Large Boulonnais or Maree was a heavy draft horse-a true "heavy" developed in the 19th century. This version is very rare today.
Camarque. Saddle horse. Old breed.
Comtois. Draft horse; may have seen use as a heavy warhorse. Old breed.
Mula.s.sier. Draft breed, now very rare. Horse half of the Poitou Mule. Old breed, possibly ancient breed. Mula.s.sier means "mule breeder."
Percheron. Draft horse, may have been used as a heavy warhorse. Old breed, reputed to be crossed with Arabians in the 14th-15th centuries.
Poitevin. Draft horse-see Mula.s.sier.
Selle Francais. Saddle horse. Modern (19th & 20th centuries).
Poitou donkey. Donkey half of Poitou Mule. Ancient breed-large, hairy, and very rare. Breed has remained pure (no outcrossings to other types of donkeys) because it breeds such good mules.
Germany:
