Women in the Printing Trades Part 17

The following table shows detailed wages in five selected weeks.

+------------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------+ FIRM D. Slack Weeks. Typical Weeks. Busy. +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ Feb. Feb. June Oct. Dec. 24th, 23rd, 30th, 13th, 8th, 1899. 1900. 1899. 1899. 1899. +------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ Above 24_s._ 0 0 1 1 2 22_s._ to 24_s._ 0 0 1 3 5 20_s._ " 22_s._ 2 1 3 3 16 18_s._ " 20_s._ 6 3 11 10 33 16_s._ " 18_s._ 23 20 26 40 36 14_s._ " 16_s._ 45 58 51 52 59 12_s._ " 14_s._ 40 44 45 38 17 10_s._ " 12_s._ 35 32 26 24 19 8_s._ " 10_s._ 24 19 15 24 17 6_s._ " 8_s._ 15 15 6 18 7 4_s._ " 6_s._ 9 9 4 5 0 2_s._ " 4_s._ 1 1 2 0 0 +------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Median 12 9 13 4 14 0 13 8 14 10 +------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ Quartiles 15 0 14 9 15 6 16 0 18 0 10 0 10 4 11 4 10 6 13 4 +------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ Dispersion 20 17 18 20 15 +------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

FIRM E.

_Information obtained._--Complete wage list for one week each month from August, 1894, to December, 1899.

Wages of eight hands tabulated, five through the whole period.

Folding, st.i.tching and sewing are done. Number employed was nearly regular, but increased from forty to sixty, and fell back to fifty.

The median fluctuates rapidly and greatly, but shows a gradual rise from 13_s._ (with fluctuations down to 8_s._ and up to 16_s._) to 16_s._ (with fluctuations down to 10_s._ and up to 19_s._). The "dispersion"

has changed little, and was about 15.

The following weeks (table p. 121) show the general run of wages.

+------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ FIRM E. Feb. July, Nov. Feb. 1895. 1895. 1895. 1899. +------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ Above 24_s._ 0 0 0 0 22_s._ to 24_s._ 1 0 0 0 20_s._ " 22_s._ 1 0 3 1 18_s._ " 20_s._ 1 1 0 1 16_s._ " 18_s._ 1 5 3 0 14_s._ " 16_s._ 4 10 10 3 12_s._ " 14_s._ 8 17 18 4 10_s._ " 12_s._ 13 8 14 12 8_s._ " 10_s._ 9 7 7 19 6_s._ " 8_s._ 4 5 2 10 4_s._ " 6_s._ 0 0 0 2 +------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Median 11 4 12 7 12 5 9 10 +------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ Quartiles 12 11 14 7 14 4 10 11 9 8 10 8 10 7 8 4 +------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ Dispersion 14 16 14 13 +------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ FIRM E. July, Nov. Dec. A Slack 1899. 1899. 1899. Week, 1900. +------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ Above 24_s._ 0 4 1 0 22_s._ to 24_s._ 2 1 0 0 20_s._ " 22_s._ 5 9 4 1 18_s._ " 20_s._ 9 9 13 2 16_s._ " 18_s._ 12 8 7 0 14_s._ " 16_s._ 7 10 9 3 12_s._ " 14_s._ 9 6 7 9 10_s._ " 12_s._ 3 0 4 12 8_s._ " 10_s._ 0 1 3 13 6_s._ " 8_s._ 1 0 0 10 4_s._ " 6_s._ 0 0 0 1 +------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Median 16 5 17 8 16 3 10 3 +------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ Quartiles 18 7 20 1 18 10 12 0 13 5 15 5 13 9 8 4 +------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ Dispersion 16 13 16 17 +------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

FIRM F.

_Information obtained._--Wages for all hands each week in 1896, and until March, 1900. So few are employed that no average can be given, and the wages are treated later under individual hands.

Also a small bookbinding firm.

1. A quick folder; wages generally from 12_s._ to 16_s._, but fluctuations down to 5_s._ and up to 20_s._

2. A quick sewer; very fluctuating, about 10_s._

3. A collator at 3_d._ per hour; 12_s._, with fluctuations.

FIRM G.

_Information obtained._--List of wages paid in 2nd week in each month, 1896, February, 1900, and four other weeks.

Wages of fourteen hands; six throughout the period.

All Departments.

_Weeks Selected at Beginning and End of Data._

+------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ FIRM G. 1896. +--------------+--------------+--------------+ Feb. July Nov. 8th. 11th. 14th. +----+---------+----+---------+----+---------+ -- Machine -- Machine -- Machine Rulers. Rulers. Rulers. +------------------+----+---------+----+---------+----+---------+ Above 24_s._ 0 0 4 0 2 0 22_s._ to 24_s._ 1 0 3 0 4 0 20_s._ to 22_s._ 1 0 1 0 5 0 18_s._ to 20_s._ 4 0 6 0 7 0 16_s._ to 18_s._ 5 0 5 0 9 0 14_s._ to 16_s._ 7 0 4 0 9 0 12_s._ to 14_s._ 3 0 6 0 6 0 10_s._ to 12_s._ 10 0 6 0 2 0 8_s._ to 10_s._ 1 0 7 0 4 0 6_s._ to 8_s._ 0 4 1 5 0 2 4_s._ to 6_s._ 0 1 0 2 0 4 2_s._ to 4_s._ 0 0 0 0 0 0 +------------------+----+---------+----+---------+----+---------+ (Apprentices excluded.) +------------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+ Median (without 14s. -- 15s. -- 16s. -- rulers). 8d. 6d. +------------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+ FIRM G. 1899. +--------------+--------------+--------------+ July Nov. Dec. 8th. 11th. 9th. +--------------+----+---------+----+---------+ -- Machine -- Machine -- Machine Rulers. Rulers. Rulers. +------------------+----+---------+----+---------+----+---------+ Above 24_s._ 2 0 0 0 5 0 22_s._ to 24_s._ 5 0 2 0 3 0 20_s._ to 22_s._ 10 0 13 0 12 0 18_s._ to 20_s._ 6 0 12 0 11 0 16_s._ to 18_s._ 0 0 5 0 3 0 14_s._ to 16_s._ 2 0 6 0 8 0 12_s._ to 14_s._ 9 0 10 0 8 0 10_s._ to 12_s._ 13 0 3 0 2 0 8_s._ to 10_s._ 3 2 8 2 7 3 6_s._ to 8_s._ 1 3 2 6 1 7 4_s._ to 6_s._ 0 0 0 0 0 0 2_s._ to 4_s._ 0 0 1 0 0 0 +------------------+----+---------+----+---------+----+---------+ (Apprentices excluded.) +------------------+------+-------+-------+------+------+-------+ Median (without 14s. -- 16s. -- 18s. rulers). 6d. 2d. +------------------+------+-------+-------+------+------+-------+

_Machine Ruling._--Four to nine hands, generally seven to nine. Time wages. Median moves slowly and steadily from 6_s._ to 7_s._ during 1896-99.

_Stamping._--Four, increasing to twelve hands, sometimes sixteen. The low wages are time (presumably learners); the rest piece. Time hands are excluded in the medians here, and in binding and despatch. Median is sometimes fluctuating, but not far from 12_s._ or 13_s._ for long.

_s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ 1896 1st half-year 14 3 2nd half-year 11 0 1897 " " 13 0 " " 13 0 1898 " " 12 4 " " 11 11 1899 " " 12 6 " " 11 11 1900 " " 14 2 (two months)

_Binding room_, including despatch, till middle of 1897, when numbers fell from forty to twenty. The despatch room, beginning with twenty, increased to thirty hands.

Binding--median varies from 11_s._ to 17_s._

_s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ 1896 1st half-year 14 1 2nd half-year 16 1 1897 " " 14 8 " " 15 4 1898 " " 15 0 " " 14 4 1899 " " 14 2 " " 13 11 1900 " " 14 2 (two months)

Despatch--median steadier and rising.

_s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ 1897 1st half-year -- -- 2nd half-year 15 0 1898 " " 17 6 " " 18 11 1899 " " 19 4 " " 20 9 1900 " " 16 3 (two months)

FIRM H.

_Information obtained._--Wage list, 3rd week in every month, 1895-98.

Every week in 1899, and eight special weeks. Wages of three hands tabulated throughout period.

Work done.--Printers' folding, sewing, magazines. No bookbinding.

Twenty-four to thirty-eight hands. Median very variable; _e.g._, July, 1899, 14_s._ 2_d._, 16_s._ 6_d._, 13_s._ 7_d._, 15_s._ 10_d._

_s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ 1895 1st half-year 11 5 2nd half-year 13 3 1896 " " 13 10 " " 12 4 1897 " " 12 11 " " 10 2 1898 " " 11 5 " " 16 0 1899 " " 13 1 " " 14 1 General trend to 13_s._

+------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+ FIRM Feb. Aug. Jan. March Oct. Aug. Sept. Apr. H. 15th 16th 24th 9th 7th 25th 15th 6th 1895 1895 1898 1898 1898 1899 1899 1900 (a) (b) (c) (a) (c) (b) +------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+ 23s. 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 22s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20s. 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 21s. 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 +------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+ 19s. 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 18s. 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 4 17s. 3 1 1 2 4 0 5 4 16s. 0 0 0 6 4 0 0 2 15s. 0 0 0 6 2 1 1 2 +------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+ 14s. 1 0 0 1 6 0 5 1 13s. 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 3 12s. 4 2 3 4 0 1 5 1 11s. 6 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 10s. 4 4 8 0 0 3 1 0 +------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+ 9s. 4 9 7 1 0 6 1 0 8s. 1 3 3 0 0 3 1 0 7s. 3 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 6s. 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 5s. 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 (d) +------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+ 4s. 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3s. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+ Me- 11s. 9s. 10s. 15s. 17s. 9s. 14s. 17s. dian 4d. 3d. 6d. 3d. 7d. 2d. +------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+ (a) Slack.

(b) Typical.

(c) Busy.

(d) 3 learners

FIRM I.

Publishers and bookbinders. No printers' folding.

_Information obtained._--Wage lists: 2nd week in each month, October, 1898, to March, 1900. Total wages every week to March, 1900. Wages of nine hands tabulated throughout.

+----+-------------+------+-----------------------------+------+ FIRM + I. +-------------+------+-----------------------------+------+ Median Quarterly Averages varies (excluding Bank Holiday). from +------+-----------------------------+------+ _s._ _d._ 1898 1899 1900 +----+-------------+------+-------+-------+------+------+------+ C. 11 0 - 21 4 20 2 19 3 16 9 13 4 20 8 17 3 +----+-------------+------+-------+-------+------+------+------+ S. 7 0 - 15 6 14 0 12 8 9 10 8 6 13 6 13 0 +----+-------------+------+-------+-------+------+------+------+ F. 8 3 - 14 2 13 2 13 0 8 11 10 0 12 2 10 5 +----+-------------+------+-------+-------+------+------+------+ T. 13 0 - 16 4 15 8 15 11 13 6 13 4 15 0 14 0 +----+-------------+------+-------+-------+------+------+------+ 48 hours: no record of overtime.

C. = Collators (18 to 23) S. = Sewers (27 to 40) F. = Folders (53 to 91) T. = Time workers putting in plates (17 to 22)

+------------------+------+-------+------+------+------+ FIRM I. Nov. March July Nov. Feb. 11th 10th 14th 10th 9th 1898 1899 1899 1899 1900 +------------------+------+-------+------+------+------+ 32_s._ to 34_s._ 1 3 1 2 1 30_s._ " 32_s._ 1 3 0 1 0 28_s._ " 30_s._ 4 2 0 2 1 26_s._ " 28_s._ 1 3 0 2 0 24_s._ " 26_s._ 5 1 0 8 1 22_s._ " 24_s._ 2 4 0 4 2 20_s._ " 22_s._ 11 9 1 10 3 18_s._ " 20_s._ 14 16 0 11 3 16_s._ " 18_s._ 20 16 2 14 14 14_s._ " 16_s._ 25 22 10 13 15 12_s._ " 14_s._ 22 28 18 30 32 10_s._ " 12_s._ 24 32 20 25 24 8_s._ " 10_s._ 14 17 27 6 15 6_s._ " 8_s._ 7 5 30 4 11 4_s._ " 6_s._ 3 3 18 1 5 2_s._ " 4_s._ 4 3 3 0 0 0_s._ " 2_s._ 2 1 0 0 0 +------------------+------+-------+------+------+------+

The total wage bill was:--

1898. 1899. 1899. 1900.

Oct. 462 Jan. 428 July 245 Jan. 330 Nov. 483 Feb. 471 Aug. 263 Feb. 346 Dec. 430 March 569(a) Sept. 502(a) March 408(a) -- April 305 Oct. 417 -- -- May 302 Nov. 403 -- -- June 383(a) Dec. 420(a) -- (a) Five weeks.

Total in 4th quarter, 1898 1375 " 1st " 1899 1468 " 2nd " " 990 " 3rd " " 1010 " 4th " " 1240 " 1st " 1900 1084

FIRM J.

A firm undertaking magazine work. _Information obtained._--General statement of ordinary wages. Wages in three selected weeks.

Bookfolding, st.i.tching, wrapping, etc. (magazine work). Work is regular for three weeks; none in the fourth.