Cotton is King, and Pro-Slavery Arguments Part 21

TABLE I.

FACTS IN RELATION TO COTTON--ITS GROWTH, MANUFACTURE, AND INFLUENCE ON COMMERCE, SLAVERY, EMANc.i.p.aTION, ETC., CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED.

Great Britain Annual Import United States' Annual YEARS. and Consumption of Cotton, Exports Cotton to Great from earliest dates to Britain and Europe 1858, in lbs. generally. -------- ----------------------------- -------------------------- 1641 Cotton manufacture first named in English history. TOTAL IMPORTS. 1697 1,976,359 1701 1,985,868 1700 } to } 1,170,881 1705 } 1710 715,008 1720 1,972,805 1730 1,545,472 1741 1,645,031 1747-48, 7 bags of 1751 2,976,610 Cotton were s.h.i.+pped from 1764 3,870,392 Charleston, S. C., to 1771 } England. to } 6,766,613 1775 } 1770, 2,000 lbs. s.h.i.+pped 1781 5,198,778 from Charleston. 1782 11,828,039 1783 9,735,663 1784 11,482,083 71 bags s.h.i.+pped and 1785 18,400,384 seized in England, on 1786 19,475,020 the ground that America 1787 23,250,268 could not produce so 1788 20,467,436 much. 1789 32,576,023 1790 31,447,605 1791 28,706,675 lbs. 189,316 1792 34,907,497 138,328 1793 19,040,929 500,000 1794 24,358,567 1,601,760 1795 26,401,340 6,276,300 1796 23,126,357 6,100,000 1797 23,354,371 3,800,000 1798 31,880,641 9,330,000 1799 43,379,278 9,500,000 1800 56,010,732 17,789,803 1801 56,004,305 20,900,000 1802 60,345,600 27,500,000 1803 53,812,284 41,900,000 1804 61,867,329 38,900,000 1805 59,682,406 40,330,000 1806 58,176,283 37,500,000 1807 74,925,306 66,200,000 1808 43,605,982 12,000,000 1809 92,812,282 53,200,000 1810 132,488,935 93,900,000 1811 91,576,535 62,200,000 1812 63,025,936 29,000,000 1813 50,966,000 19,400,000 1814 73,728,000 17,800,000

================================================================== Great Britain's sources of Cotton supplies other than the United States, with total Cotton crop of United States at intervals. ----------------------------------------------------------------- Previous to 1791 Great Britain obtained her supplies of Cotton from the West Indies and South America, and the countries around the eastern parts of the Mediterranean. From that date she began to receive supplies from the U. S. 1786. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- Br. W. Indies, lbs. 5,800,000 Fr. and Spanish Colonies 5,500,000 Dutch do. 1,600,000 Portuguese do. 2,000,000 Turkey and Smyrna, 5,000,000 1789. Cotton crop of United States, 1,000,000 lbs. 1791. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- Br. West Indies, lbs. 12,000,000 Brazil, 20,000,000 1794. Cotton crop of the U. S., 8,000,000 lbs. 1796. Cotton crop of the U. S., 10,000,000 lbs. 1798. India, the first imports from, 1,622,000 lbs. 1799. Cotton crop of the U. S., 20,000,000 lbs. 1800. _Exports_ from-- India, lbs. 30,000,000 West Indies, 17,000,000 Brazil, 24,000,000 Elsewhere, 7,000,000 1806. Cotton crop of the U. S., 80,000,000 lbs. 1812. War declared between the United States and Great Britain.

================================================================== Dates of Inventions promoting the growth and manufacture of Cotton, and of movements to elevate the African race.

------------------------------------------------------------------ Previous to the invention of the machinery named below, all carding, spinning, and weaving of wool and cotton had been done by the use of the hand-cards, one-spindle wheels, and common hand-looms. The work, for a long period, was performed in families; but the improved machinery propelled by steam power, has so reduced the cost of cotton manufactures, that all household manufacturing has long since been abandoned, and the monopoly yielded to capitalists, who now fill the world with their cheap fabrics.

1762. Carding machine invented.

1767. Spinning Jenny invented.

1769. Spinning Roller-frame invented.

" Cotton first planted in the United States.

" Watt's Steam Engine patented.

1775. Mule Jenny invented.

1776. Virginia forbids foreign slave trade.

1780. Emanc.i.p.ation by Pennsylvania and Ma.s.sachusetts.

1781. Muslins first made in England.

1784. Emanc.i.p.ation by Connecticut and Rhode Island.

1785. Watts' Engine improved and applied to cotton machinery.

First cotton mill erected, 1783.

1785. New York Abolition Society organized.

1786. Carding and spinning machines erected in Ma.s.sachusetts.

1787. Power Loom invented.

" First Cotton mill erected in Beverly, Ma.s.sachusetts.

" Pennsylvania Abolition Society formed.

" Slavery excluded from N. W. Territory, including Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, &c.

1789. Franklin issues an appeal for aid to instruct the free blacks.

1792. Emanc.i.p.ation by New Hamps.h.i.+re.

1793. Cotton Gin invented.

1799. Emanc.i.p.ation by New York.

1804. Do. New Jersey.

1800. Cotton consumed in the United States, 200,000 lbs.

1801. United States exported to-- France, lbs. 750,000 England 19,000,000 1803. Louisiana Territory acquired, including the region between the Mississippi river (upper and lower) and the Mexican line.

1805. United States export to France, 4,500,000 lbs.

1807. Fulton started his steamboat.

1808. Slave trade prohibited by United States and England.

1808. Cotton manufacture established in Boston.

1810. Cotton consumed in United States, 4,000,000 lbs.

1812. Two-thirds of steam engines in Great Britain employed in cotton spinning, etc.

1813. United States export to France, 10,250,000 lbs.

================================================================== Great Britain Annual Import United States' Annual YEARS. and Consumption of Cotton, Exports Cotton to Great from earliest times to Britain and Europe 1858, in lbs. generally. -------- ----------------------------- -------------------------- 1815 96,200,000 83,000,000 1816 97,310,000 81,800,000 1817 126,240,000 95,660,000 Total Consumption. 1818 109,902,000 92,500,000 1819 109,518,000 88,000,000 1820 120,265,000 127,800,000 1821 129,029,000 124,893,405 1822 145,493,000 144,675,095 1823 154,146,000 173,723,270 1824 165,174,000 142,369,663 1825 166,831,000 176,449,907 1826 150,213,000 204,535,415 1827 197,200,000 294,310,115 1828 217,860,000 210,590,463 1829 219,200,000 264,837,186 1830 247,600,000 298,459,102 1831 262,700,000 276,979,784 1832 276,900,000 322,215,122 1833 287,000,000 324,698,604 1834 303,000,000 384,717,907 1835 326,407,692 387,358,992 1836 363,684,232 423,631,307 1837 367,564,752 444,211,537 1838 477,206,108 595,952,297 1839 445,744,000 413,624,212 1840 517,254,400 743,941,061 1841 460,387,200 530,204,100 1842 477,339,200 584,717,017 1843 555,214,400 792,297,106 1844 570,731,200 663,633,455 1845 626,496,000 872,905,996 1846 624,000,000 547,558,055 1847 442,416,000 527,219,958 1848 602,160,000 814,274,431 1849 624,000,000 1,026,602,269 1850 606,000,000 635,381,604 1851 648,000,000 927,237,089 1852 817,998,048 1,093,230,639 1853 746,376,848 1,111,570,370 1854 761,646,704 987,833,106 1855 775,814,112 1,008,424,601 1856 877,225,440 1,351,431,827 1857 837,406,300 1,048,282,475 1858 884,733,696 1,118,624,012 1859 1,372,755,006 ------------------------------------------------------------------

================================================================== Great Britain's sources of Cotton supplies other than the United States, with total Cotton crop of United States at intervals. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1815. Peace proclaimed between the United States and Great Britain. 1818. Cotton crop of the U. S., 125,000,000 lbs. 1821. _Exports_ from-- West Indies, lbs. 9,000,000 Brazil, 28,000,000 India, 50,000,000 Turkey and Egypt, 5,500,000 Elsewhere, 6,000,000 1822. Cotton crop of the U. S., 210,000,000 lbs. 1828. Cotton crop of the U. S., 325,000,000 lbs. _Imports_ by Great Britain from West Indies,-- 1829. lbs. 4,640,414 1830, 3,449,249 1831, 2,401,685 1834, 2,296,525 1832. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- Brazil, lbs. 20,109,560 Turkey and Egypt, 9,113,890 East Indies and Mauritius 5,178,625 British West Indies. 1,708,764 Elsewhere, 964,933 1838. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- Brazil, lbs. 24,464,505 East Indies and Mauritius 40,230,064 British West Indies, 928,425 1840. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- British West Indies, lbs. 427,529 1841. _Imports_ by Great Britain from India, 1835 to 1839, annual average, 57,600,000 lbs. _Imports_ by Great Britain, 1840 to 1844, during the Chinese war, 92,800,000 lbs. 1845. Do. from Egypt, 32,537,600 lbs. 1848. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- West Indies and Demarara, lbs. 3,155,600 Brazil and Portuguese Colonies 40,080,400 East Indies, 91,004,800 _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- 1849. East Indies, lbs. 72,800,000 1850. Do. 123,200,000 1852. Do. 84,022,432 1853. Do. 180,431,496 1854. Do. 119,835,968 1855. Do. 145,218,976 1856. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- British East Indies, lbs. 180,496,624 Brazil, 21,830,704 Egypt, 34,399,008 1857. _Imports_ from-- Brazil, lbs. 29,910,832 Egypt, 24,532,256 1858. _Imports_ from Brazil, lbs. 18,617,872 Do. Egypt, 38,232,320 ------------------------------------------------------------------

================================================================== Dates of Inventions promoting the growth and manufacture of Cotton, and of movements to elevate the African race.

------------------------------------------------------------------ 1815. Power Loom first used in United States.

1816. First steamboat crossed the British Channel.

1816. Power Loom brought into general use in England.

1817. Colonization Society organized.

1819. Florida annexed.

1820. Slave trade declared piracy by Congress.

1820. Emigrants to Liberia first sent.

1821. Benjamin Lundy published his "Genius of Universal Emanc.i.p.ation."

1823. United States export to France, 25,000,000 lbs.

1824. Do. do. do. 40,500,000 lbs.

1825. New York and Erie Ca.n.a.l opened.

Production and manufacture of cotton now greatly above the consumption, and prices fell so as to produce general distress and stagnation, which continued with more or less intensity throughout 1828 and 1829. The fall of prices was about 55 per cent.--_Encyc. Amer._ 1826. Creek Indians removed from Georgia.

1829. Emanc.i.p.ation in Mexico.

1830. United States export to France, 75,000,000 lbs.

1831. Slave Insurrection in Virginia.

1832. Garrison declares war against the Colonization Society.

1832. Ohio Ca.n.a.l completed.

1833. Cotton consumption in France, 72,767,551 lbs.

1834. Emanc.i.p.ation in West Indies, commenced.

1834. Birney deserted the Colonization Society.

1835. United States export to France, 100,330,000 lbs.

1836. Gerrit Smith repudiates the Colonization Society.

1836. Cherokee and Choctaw Indians removed from Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama.

1837. American Anti-Slavery Society had an income of $36,000, and 70 agents commissioned.

1838. Colonization Society had an income of only $10,900.

1840. Cotton consumed in the United States, 106,000,000 lbs.

1844. Value of cotton goods imported into the United States $13,286,830.

1845. Texas annexed.

1846. Mexican War.

1847. Gold discovered in California.

1848. New Mexico and California annexed.

1849. United States export to France, 151,340,000 lbs.

Do. Other Continental countries, 128,800,000 lbs.

1850. Cotton consumed in United States, 256,000,000 lbs.

1851. Value of United States cotton fabrics, $61,869,184.

1853. Value of cottons imported, $27,675,000.

1853. United States export to England, 768,596,498 lbs.

1853. Do. do. Continent, 335,271,064 lbs.

1855. United States export to Great Britain and North American Colonies, 672,409,874 lbs.